Udruženje konsultanta inženjera BiH organiziralo je 11. i 12. maja 2023. u Sarajevu 12. kongres o transportnoj infrastrukturi i transportu postvećen željeznicama.

Poznato je da su željeznice jedna od ključnih komponenti razvoja svakog društva. Kongres je održan u vrijeme globalne revitalizacije željeznica kao prihvatljivog rješenja u borbi protiv klimatskih promjena.

Kongresu je prisustvovalo 160 učesnika – istraživača, projektanata, predstavnika institucija vlasti, univerziteta, upravitelja infrastrukture, operatera, nevladinih organizacija, proizvođača opreme i izvođača radova.

Kongres se održao na internacionalnom nivou. Prezentirano je 30 referata koje je pripremilo 65 autora iz Austrije, Bosne I Hercegovine, Crne Gore, Hrvatske, Kine, Njemačke, Slovenije, Srbije I Turske.

Na kongresu su tretirane sljedeće tematske cjeline:

• Strategija razvoja željeznica
• Uravnoteženi održivi razvoj željeznica
• Interoperabilnost željezničkog sistema
• Povećanje tržišne konkurentnosti željeznica
• Realizacija koridora pruga TNT-T mreže

Cilj Kongresa je bio razmjena znanja I iskustava u iznalaženju puteva za bržu implementaciju strateških razvojnih evropskih, regionalnih I lokalnih projekata.

Učesnici su ocijenili da je 12. Kongres o transportnoj infrastrukturi I transportu bio veoma uspješno organiziran. Rezultati prezentiranih radova I objavljenih diskusija su dati kao:

ZAKLJUČCI I PREPORUKE

• Razvijenost jedne države mjeri se razvijenošću transportne infrastrukture I tansporta. Transportna infrastruktura je potencijal jedne države ili kontinenta za sveukupni razvoj.
  
  
• U zadnjih 30 godina EU I njene članice, kao I države koje su kandidati za članstvo u EU, sarađuju na razvoju zajedničke politike u području željezničkog transporta, budući da transport ne poznaje granice. Tako je transportna politika već decenijama jedna od zajedničkih politika država EU. EU  Komisija je 2. decembra 1992. usvojila Bijelu knjigu o budućem razvoju zajedničke transportne politike (COM (1992) 0494). U njoj se zagovaralo otvaranje transportnog tržišta, proširenje transevropske transportne mreže, poboljšanje sigurnosti i usklađivanje socijalnih odredbi. U Bijeloj knjizi iz 2001. naslovljenoj: “Evropska transportna politika za razdoblje do 2010.: vrijeme odluke” (COM (2001)0370), Komisija je analizirala problem I izazove sa kojima se suočavala Evropska transportna politika. Svrha ove Bijele knjige bila je I ta da se udio željezničkog transporta na kratke udaljenosti stabilizira na nivou 1998. godine. Taj se cilj trebao ostvariti mjerama za oživljavanje željezničkog transporta I međusobnim povezivanjem svih vrsta prevoza. Komisija je juna 2006. izjavila da mjere predložene 2001. nisu bile dovoljno sveobuhvatne za postizanje zadanih ciljeva te su stoga uvedeni neki novi instrumenti (COM (2006) 0314). Komisija je 28. marta 2011. objavila dopunjenu Bijelu knjigu o budućnosti transporta do 2050.: “Plan za jedinstveni evropski transportni prostor – u susret konkurentnom transportnom sistemu u kojem se efikasno gospodari resursima” (COM (2011) 0144). Jedan od 10 ciljeva koje je Komisija definisala u knjizi bilo je stvaranje jedinstvenog evropskog transportnog prostora I razvoj multinacionalnih I multimodalnih operatora. Direktivom 2012/34/EU uspostavljen je jedinstveni željeznički prostor. Time su u jedinstvenom tekstu objedinjena glavna načela razvoja željeznica. Komisija je u decembru 2020. predstavila svoju strategiju za održivu I pametnu mobilnost, zajedno sa akcijskim planom o 82 inicijative za usmjeravanje rada u razdoblju do 2024. (COM (2020) 0789). Tom je strategijom utvrđen plan za stvaranje održive pametne budućnosti. Scenariji na kojima se ta strategija temelji, a koji su podudarni sa klimatskim planom 2030. pokazuju da se, uz odgovarajući nivo ambicioznosti kombinacijom predloženih mjera politke može postići smanjenje emisja iz transporta za 90% do 2050.       
  
  
• Željeznička razvojna politika EU podržava ostvarivanje povezane održive I sigurne mobilnosti te održivog I konkurentskog željezničkog transportnog sistema.
  
  
• Željeznice su I danas, kao I u prošlosti, najsigurnijij kopneni vid prevoza putnika I robe te okolišno prihvatljiviji I ekonomičniji u odnosu na druge transportne sisteme.
  Buka je štetna za zdravlje. U željezničkom transportu nastaje najmanje buke.
  
  
• Željeznice su energetski najučinkovitiji transportni sistem. Prema Union Internationale des Chemins de fer (UIC) željeznice su jedan od najučinkovitijih I ekološki najprihvatljivijih načina prevoza ljudi i roba. 
  
  
• Transport je odgovoran sa 25% ukupnih emisija CO2 u EU (2020.), od čega oko 70% odlazi na cestovni saobraćaj, a na željeznički 0,4%.
  
  
• Usvojena evropska transportna politika permanentno se prilagođava tržištu, potrebama stanovništva I privrede. Osnovni ciljevi su: olakšanje prevoza ljudi I transporta roba, uspostavljanje transportnog tržišta, povećanje sigurnosti transporta I obezbjeđenje održivog razvoja transportnih sistema.
  
  
• Prosječnom putniku nije toliko bitna svaka dobivena minuta ili čak sekunda. Najvažnije mu je da putuje dovoljno brzo, udobno I prije svega pouzdano te da na odredištu ima mogućnost presjedanja na drugo javno efikasno prevozno sredstvo.
  
  
• U 2023. mnoge željezničke uprave EU uvele su noćne putničke vozove povezujući velike gradove I obezbjeđujući konkurentan I ekološki održiv prevoz.
  
  
• Obnovom, unapređenjem I modernizacijom željezničke infrastrukture omogućiće se efiksniji teretni prevoz I otvoriti nove poslovne mogućnosti.
  
  
• Za ubrzani razvoj željeznica na Zapadnom Balkanu I Jugoistočnoj Evropi neophodno je da se usklade strateški planovi razvoja željeznica uključenih u Transportnu zajednicu.
  
  
• Liberalizacijom tržišta željezničkog teretnog prevoza stvoreni su preduvjeti za nove sudionike I nove usluge, što bi u konačnici trebalo dovesti do zdrave konkurencije I povećanja kvalitete pružanja usluga.
  
  
• Da bi novi prevoznici mogli ravnopravno konkurirati izuzetno je važno da upravitelji infrastrukture imaju isti, nediskriminatorni pristup prema svim prevoznicima u svim segmentima poslovanja.
  
  
• Za stvaranje jedinstvenog evropskog željezničkog tržišta važno je raditi na povećanju inetroperabilnosti, osobito u graničnim područjima, gdje su zbog različitih razloga vidljivi zastoji I druga ograničenja koja utiču na kvalitet čitave usluge.
  
  
• Donošenje velikog broja propisa interoperabilnost se neprekidno širi na cijeloj mreži pruga u EU. Uspostavljanjem interoperabilnosti olakšava se operaterima putničkog saobraćaja bolja povezanost između zemalja EU.
  
  
• EU u svom investicionom planu predviđa sredstva za realizaciju mnogih željezničkih strateških projekata, kao I za obnovu postojećih.
  
  
• Za donošenje odluka u željezničkom saobraćaju, neophodno je koristiti metode simulacije. To se prije svega odnosi na scenarije sabraćaja I odnose između saobraćaja I željezničke infrastrukture po kojoj se on odvija. Metode simulacije omogućavaju definisanje efektivnog I efikasnog reda vožnje, analizu iskorištenosti kapaciteta pruga I staničnih kolosijeka, tehnologiju rada stanica, potrošnju energije itd.
  
  
• Željezničke I cestovne uprave trebale bi u sinergiji povesti više računa oko rješavanja problema željezničko – cestovnih prelaza, kako bi se maksimalno izbjegle prometne nezgode na prelazima.
  
  
• Bosna I Hercegovina je 2015. donijela Okvirnu strategiju tansporta (OST BiH) za period 2015. – 2030. Osnovni ciljevi OST BiH odnose se na povezivanje sa susjednim državama I integriranje u EU. Strategija sadrži listu aktivnosti koje treba realizirati do 2030. S obzirom na izmjene koje su se u međuvremenu desile u evropskoj transportnoj politici I realizaciji plana OST BiH, neophodno je da Bosna I Hercegovina donese novu strategiju usklađenu sa EU direktivama. 

12th Congress on transport infrastructure and transport – RAILWAYS- conclusions and recommendations

On 11 and 12 May, the Association of Consulting Engineers of Bosnia and Herzegovina organized in Sarajevo the 12th Congress on Transport Infrastructure and Transport, dedicated to railways.  

It is known that railways are one of the key components of development in any society. The Congress was held at a time of global revitalization of railways as an acceptable solution in the fight against climate change.

The Congress was attended by 160 participants – researchers, designers, government and university officials, infrastructure administrators, operators, nongovernmental organizations, equipment manufacturers, and construction companies.

The Congress was of international character. Presented were 30 reports, prepared by 65 authors from Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, China, Germany, Slovenia, Serbia, and Turkey.

The following topics were discussed at the Congress:

• Railways development strategy
• Balanced sustainable development of railways
• Interoperability of the railway system
• Increasing market competitiveness of railways
• Building the TEN-T railways network

The goal of the Congress was to exchange knowledge and experience in finding ways for a faster implementation of European, regional, and local strategic development projects.

According to the participants, the 12th Congress on Transport Infrastructure and Transport was organized very successfully. Results of the presented papers and discussions were given in the form of

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• The level of a country’s development is measured by the level of development of its transport infrastructure and transport. Transport infrastructure represents a country’s – or a continent’s – potential for overall development.

• For the past 30 years, the EU and its member states, as well as EU candidate countries, have been cooperating to develop a common policy in the area of railway transport, considering that transport knows no boundaries. Thus, the transport policy has for decades been one of the common policies of EU member states. On 2 December 1992 the European Commission issued a white paper on future development of a common transport policy (COM (1992) 0494). It advocated opening the transport market, expanding the trans-European transport network, improving safety, and aligning social provisions. In the 2001 White Paper entitled “European transport policy for 2010: time to decide” (COM (2001)0370), the Commission analyzed the problem and challenges faced by the European transport policy. The purpose of this White Paper was also to stabilize the share of short-distance railway transport at the level of 1998. This goal was supposed to be accomplished through measures to revive rail transport and by interconnecting all modes of transport. In June 2006 the Commission stated that the measures proposed in 2001 had not been comprehensive enough to achieve the goals set, which led to the introduction of several new instruments (COM (2006)0314). On 28 March 2011 the Commission issued its White Paper on the future of transport by 2050: “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system” (COM (2011) 0144). One of the 10 goals the Commission identified in the paper was the creation of a single European transport area and development of multinational and multimodal operators. Directive 2012/34/EU established a single railways area. This consolidated text comprises the main principles for the development of railways. In December 2020 the Commission presented its strategy for sustainable and smart mobility, along with an action plan for 82 streamlining initiatives until 2024 (COM (2020) 0789). This strategy establishes a plan to create a sustainable and smart future. The scenarios this strategy is based on, which coincide with the 2030 climate agenda, show that with the right level of ambition and a combination of the proposed policy measures, transport emissions can be reduced by 90 percent by 2050.

• The EU’s railways development policy supports the creation of interconnected sustainable and safe mobility, as well as of a sustainable and competitive railway transport system.     
  
• Today, as in the past, railways are the safest mode of land transport of passengers and goods, plus they are more environmentally friendly and cost effective compared with other transport systems.

• Noise is damaging to health. Rail transport generates the least amount of noise.
  
• Railways are a transport system that has the highest level of energy efficiency. According to Union Internationale des Chemins de fer (UIC), railways are one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly modes of transport for people and goods.

• In the EU, the share of transport in CO2 emissions is 25%, of which around 70% is road transport and 0.4% is rail transport.

• The adopted European transport policy is continuously adapting to the market, to the needs of the population and the economy. Its fundamental goals are to facilitate transport of people and goods, establish the transport market, increase transport safety, and ensure sustainable development of transport systems.

• What matters for the average passenger is not so much every minute or even second that is saved. The most important thing for them is to travel in a sufficiently fast, comfortable, and – most importantly – reliable manner, as well as to have at their destination the possibility of switching to a different but equally efficient public mode of transport.

• In 2023, many railway administrations in the EU introduced night passenger trains, linking major cities and providing competitive and environmentally sustainable transport.

• Renewing, improving, and modernizing railway infrastructure will facilitate a more efficient cargo transport and provide new business opportunities.

• For accelerated railways development in Western Balkans and Southeast Europe, it is necessary to harmonize the strategic development plans of the railways taking part in the Transport Community.

• Liberalization of the rail cargo transport market creates preconditions for new participants and services, which should ultimately lead to healthy competition and higher quality of services provided.

• In order for the new transport operators to be competitive on an equal footing, it is paramount that infrastructure administrators have the same nondiscriminatory attitude to all operators in all segments of business.

• In order to create a single European railways market, it is important to work on increasing operability, especially in border areas, where evident for various reasons are stoppages and other constraints affecting the quality of the entire service.

• Through the issuing of a host of regulations, interoperability is continuously being spread throughout the entire rail network in the EU. Establishment of interoperability facilitates better connectivity between EU countries for passenger transport operators.

• In its investment plan, the EU envisages funds for the implementation of many strategic projects in railways, as well as for the renewal of existing projects.

• In order to make decisions in rail traffic, it is necessary to use simulation methods. This primarily pertains to traffic scenarios and the relations between traffic and the rail infrastructure it is happening on. Simulation methods enable defining an effective and efficient timetable, analyzing use of rail and station capacities, station operations technology, energy consumption, etc.

• Rail and road administrators should act in synergy so as to take more care in solving the problems of railroad-road crossings, in order to avoid traffic accidents on the crossings to the greatest extent possible. If there is no possibility of overpassing, the crossings should be secured by implementing measures with mechanical and electronic equipment that is technically dependent on electronic signals and safety devices.

• In 2015, Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted its Framework Transport Strategy (OST BiH) 2015-2030. Fundamental goals of the OST BiH pertain to linking up with the neighboring countries and integration in the EU. The Strategy contains a list of activities that should be undertaken by 2030. Considering the changes that happened in the interim with the European transport policy and the implementation of the OST BiH plan, it is necessary for Bosnia and Herzegovina to adopt a new strategy that is aligned with EU directives.    

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